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Given the importance of the November event (COP27), we are dedicating this issue to sustainable development instead of metaverse that will the topic of our next issue. The Anthropocene, which can be translated as "the age of man", corresponds to the period of time during which human activities have impacted the environment enough to constitute a distinct geological change. This realization urged him to look for a way that will avoid a tragic end to this human adventure. Then, was born the "sustainable development", which expresses the wish of the man to last on this planet without having to return to the conditions of our distant ancestors and without precipitating its disappearance.

Sustainable development for humans means protecting natural resources, using less polluting technologies, controlling global warming... Today, however, we are exposed to a serious and major challenge where it is difficult to avoid global warming while continuing the overconsumption of energies with the various pollutions such as the radioactive nuclear waste. According to several experts, “we have entered the era of the consequences” of an industrial revolution, called progress, which began in the 19th century and continues, catastrophically, even today. Obviously, the perilous and threatening repercussions for our existence are well known: climate change, deterioration of the environment, depletion of resources, destruction of ecosystems, disappearance of plant and animal species... And the situation which seems irreversible, mobilizes major debates and extraordinary assemblies every year to consider life-saving actions such as what will be discussed at COP27 this month.

Regarding global warming, the latest report from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) are alarming and states that we are far from containing global warming at 1.5°C. For instance, of the 197 countries that signed Scotland's pact during COP 26 held in November 2021, only 23 countries have committed to a plan to reduce CO2 emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to the 2010 level. If we continue on the same trajectory, the average temperature of our planet will be increased by 4 degrees by 2100, whereas it has only increased by 0.7 degrees throughout the entire 20th century. Several consequences on our life are to be expected, for example, a modified rainfall and frequent storms and cyclones. As for the energy produced by nuclear power plants, even if it is considered by some countries as clean and decarbonized energy, it nevertheless remains harmful to the environment. Indeed, it produces, downstream, radioactive waste which requires up to 100,000 years to completely get rid of its radioactivity. And currently, few countries have mastered the management of the burial of this radioactive waste, which would be around 400,000 tonnes today since the emergence of the very first nuclear power plant. Despite the holding of several international meetings on this subject, few concrete measures have been taken to save our planet. And we are witnessing two major historical movements: - The philosophical school: radically changing our way of life - The technological school: designing energy efficiency equipment To better understand of this issue dedicated to the protection of our planet, we offer two interviews. The very first, conducted with Mr. Bertrand Piccard on the sidelines of COP 27 in November 2022. Mr. Bertrand Piccard is the president of the Solar Impulse foundation, one of whose missions is to label the industrial products respecting ecology while ensuring financial profitability for companies. The second interview was conducted with Mr. Grandjean who is a great expert in the fight against global warming. And who co-chaired the “mission on the price of carbon at European level”. Mr. Grandjean keeps repeating that the future of the planet and its inhabitants is at stake now.

To complete this special issue, we propose you "The modern time and and eternity" contribution by Mr. Ahmed Khaouja. Finally, the next issue of Lte magazine, the 46th, will be on the universe of metaverses.

Ahmed Khaouja

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